ANCOVA and MANCOVA with SPSS

If you know how to use SPSS's Univariate window to perform a multi-way ANOVA, then 
you simply need to add a step to the process for an ANCOVA. Similarly, performing a 
MANCOVA requires just one more step than performing a MANOVA using SPSS's 
Multivariate window. In both cases, this step involves the identification of covariates. Both 
the Univariate and the Multivariate windows contain a box labeled "Covariate(s)."
The entire process for performing an ANCOVA in SPSS, then, requires six steps.
1. Choose "Compare Means" from the Analyze pull-down menu.
2. Choose "General Linear Model" from the options provided. A new menu should appear 
to the right of the pull-down menu. Select "Univariate" from the new menu . A 
Univariate window should appear on the screen
The user performs an ANCOVA by selecting the appropriate variable names from those listed in the box on 
the left side of the window. The names of the independent variables should be moved to the fixed factor(s) 
box. The name of the Dependent Variable and covariate(s) should also be moved to the appropriate areas in 
the center of the window.
3. Highlight the name of the dependent variable from the list appearing in the upper left 
corner of the window. Click on the arrow to the left of the "Dependent Variable" box. The 
name of the variable should move to this box.
4. Highlight the name of one independent variable from the list appearing in the upper left 
corner of the window. Click on the arrow to the left of the "Fixed Factor(s)" box. The 
name of the variable should move to this box. Continue this process with each 
independent variable name until they all appear as fixed factors. 
5. Highlight the name of one covariate from the list appearing in the upper left corner of 
the window. Click on the arrow to the left of the "Covariate(s)" box. The name of the 
variable should move to this box. Continue this process with each independent variable 
name until they all appear as covariates. 
6. If you would like your output to include descriptive statistics, select the "Options" 
button, located on the right side of the window. A new window, entitled Univariate: 
Options should appear. Select "Descriptive Statistics" from the "Display" portion of this 
window. Then, click Continue to return to the One-Way ANOVA window. Failing to 
complete this step will still produce valid ANCOVA results. 
7. Click OK.
Assuming you performed Step #6, above, the SPSS output for an ANCOVA begins with 
descriptive statistics for each independent-variable category. The results of the significance 
test appear in the table entitled "Tests of Between-Subjects Effects." The Corrected Model 
values in this table provide the ANCOVA's adjusted sum of squares and the resulting F and 
significance (p) values.

 

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